http://kidspicturedictionary.com/english-through-pictures/grammar-by-picture/04-will-take-off-is-taking-off-took-off-will-put-is-putting/

http://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/adding-to-sentences-who-what-where-when-why-how/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/worksheet/en30stru-e3-w-making-sentences

http://www.englishforeveryone.org/Topics/Sentence-Correction.htm

http://www.sentencecorrector.info/

COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

The verb forms provided in the table below are as follows:

the base form, which you would find in the infinitive: to fly
the third-person, singular, present tense: he flies
the third-person past tense: he flew
and the past participle: he has flown

Base Form	Present Third Person	Past Third Person	Past Participle
arise be bear begin bite blow break bring buy catch choose come creep dive do drag draw dream drink drive drown eat fall fight fly forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang hide know lay lead lie light lose prove ride ring rise run see seek set shake sing sink sit speak spring steal sting strike swear swim swing take tear throw uses wake wear write	arises is bears begins bites blows breaks brings buys catches chooses comes creeps dives does drags draws dreams drinks drives drowns eats falls fights flies forgets forgives freezes gets gives goes grows hangs hides knows lays leads lies lights loses proves rides rings rises runs sees seeks sets shakes sings sinks sits speaks springs steals stings strikes swears swims swings takes tears throws used wakes wears writes	arose was/were bore began bit blew broke brought bought caught chose came crept dived/dove did dragged drew dreamed/dreamt drank drove drowned ate fell fought flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hung hid knew laid led lay lit lost proved rode rang rose ran saw sought set shook sang sank sat spoke sprang stole stung struck swore swam swung took tore threw used woke/waked wore wrote	arisen been borne begun bitten/bit blown broken brought bought caught chosen come crept dived done dragged drawn dreamt drunk driven drowned eaten fallen fought flown forgotten forgiven frozen got/gotten given gone grown hung hidden known laid led lain lit lost proved/proven ridden rung risen run seen sought set shaken sung sunk sat spoken sprung stolen stung struck sworn swum swung taken torn thrown used woken/waked/woke worn written

shared
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/irregulars.htm

Useful Phrases for Proficiency Essays

Introducing the phenomenon to be discussed

More and more families are choosing to have only one child.

The trend nowadays is towards having smaller families.

Over the past ten years or so the media have frequently carried reports of ...............

Recent research indicates that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing.

Hardly a week goes by without another report of ................. appearing in the media.

This raises the issue of whether .................

Although most people would generally agree that ............... few would deny that ................

Stating your opinion

As I see it,

It seems to me that ............ I would also say that ....

I am convinced that ...............

I am inclined to believe that ..................

There is no doubt in my mind that ..................

One of the drawbacks of ....... is ..........

However, one of the benefits is that ............

Changing topic

As regards the causes for this, ..............

Concerning the causes for this, .........

As for the causes, ...........

Presenting arguments

One justification often given for ........... is that.................

Advocates/Proponents would claim that ..................

Those who object to ................. often argue that ...................

Another objection is that ......

However, it should not be forgotten that ..............

........... are opposed to ................ on the grounds that .................

From the point of view of .................

According to ....................

Describing causes

One factor which has led to ............ is ..............

One of the factors which has brought this about is .........

The problem often stems from ....................

The situation has been exacerbated by ................

.............. has only made the situation worse.

One consequence of ................ is ................

Proposing steps and measures

As regards the most appropriate response to this situation, one suggestion would be to .........

The first step to be taken would be to ........

To alleviate the situation people should ...........

In addition they ought to ...............

To begin to tackle this situation society/individuals/the government need/s to ..........

.............. would certainly ameliorate the situation.

This can only be dealt with if ............

To overcome this problem, ..............

Were the government to ..............., the situation would doubtless improve.

Individuals can do a great deal to ............

The burden of responsiblity lies in the hands of ........

It is vitally important that .........

Legislation should be introduced to control .................

It would be a grave error if we .................

Concluding

All in all it seems to me that ...........

The obvious conclusion to be drawn is that .......................

All things considered, .............

On balance, I tend to believe that ............

The world would surely be a better place to live in if ..............

If people stopped ....ing, we would have/ we could look forward to a ...............

The prospects for the future will be bleak/grim unless ...................

Tip

You should have a few pages safe somewhere where you can keep a record of other useful essay phrases that you come across in your reading. Note them down and practise using them in your own writing.

Look out for more advanced expressions that you can use in place of phrases that weren't even impressive at the B2 level - phrases like "solve the problem". Here are a few alternative problem and solution phrases to get you going.:

a crisis in education which must be addressed

something that must be tackled / be dealt with

a challenge which must be met

something must be done to restore law and order in the inner cities

shared http://fullspate.digitalcounterrevolution.co.uk/advanced-efl-essay-writing/advanced-essay-phrases.html

Monday, 14 March 2011

Useful Phrases for Writing Argumentative Essays

Useful Phrases for Writing Argumentative Essays

To list arguments in the main body: In the first place, First of all, To start with, To begin with, Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally, In addition (to this), Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, last but not least

Presenting arguments for: The main/first/most important advantage of ..., One major advantage of ..., A further advantage ..., One/Another/An additional advantage of ..., One point of view in favour of ..., It is often suggested/believed/argued that ..., Some/Many people suggest/feel/argue that ..., Some/Many people are in favour of/are convinced that ...,

Presenting arguments against: One major disadvantage of ..., The main/most important disadvantage/drawback of ..., One/Another/An additional disadvantage of ..., One point/argument against ..., Some/Many people are against ...,

Presenting examples, causes and results: for example/instance, such as, like, in particular,therefore, for this reason, because, as, since, as a result,

To add more points to the same topic: what is more, furthermore, also, in addition to, besides, apart from this/that, not to mention the fact that, etc.

To make contrasting points: on the other hand, however, despite/in spite of (the fact), while, nevertheless, even though, although, it can be argued that, one can argue that, etc.

To conclude: to conclude/sum up, all in all, all things considered, in conclusion, on the whole, taking everything into account, taking all this into account/consideration, above all, as was previously stated, etc.

Useful Phrases for Writing Opinion Essays

To list points: In the first place, first of all, to start with, in the first place, etc.

To add more points: what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that, etc.

To introduce conflicting viewpoints: It is argued that, people argue that, opponents of this view say, there are people who oppose, etc.

To express opinion: I believe, In my opinion, I think, In my view, I strongly believe, etc.

shared http://eoisjwritingskills.blogspot.com.au/2011/03/useful-phrases-for-writing.html

....

Noun Suffixes

Noun forms

Verb → Noun word form

VERB WORD FORM
Nouns may be formed from verbs, adjectives or other nouns. The forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are patterns.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
Our plane	arrived at noon.
The plane	landed without difficulty.
We	departed on time.
A bus	transported us to our hotel comfortably.

NOUN WORD FORM
Adding a suffix to a verb form is one way of forming a noun. A suffix is a part added to the end of a word. Examples of suffixes are listed below.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
The arrival of our plane	was at noon.
The landing	was not difficult.
Our departure	was on time.
The transportation	was comfortable.

derive (V) — come from a source or origin; derivation (N) the formation of a word from another word or base

A suffix normally marks a word as an adjective, verb, or noun. A suffix is placed at the end of the word. (Affixation includes: prefix (before) pre-pare; infix (between) [rare in English]; and suffix (after) prepara-tion.

(Swan 384) "What can follow a noun?"

Also see Adjective Suffixes | Word Forms | Adverb Suffixes | Negative Noun Prefixes .

Verb to Noun Suffixes

SUFFIX	VERB – NOUN	VERB – NOUN	VERB – NOUN
-AL condition, quality	arrive –arrival approve – approval	deny –denial propose –proposal	refuse – refusal dismiss – dismissal
-ANCE / ENCE action, state, condition or quality	attend –attendance accept –acceptance	prefer – preference insure – insurance	refer – reference exist –existence
-ATION / TION action or resulting state	educate – education inform – information	eliminate – elimination declare – declaration	combine – combination immigrate – immigration
-SION action or resulting state	confuse – confusion decide – decision	divide –division revise – revision	impress – impression profess–profession
-URE action or resulting state	depart – departure erase – erasure	fail – failure enclose – enclosure	press – pressure legislate – legislature
-MENT state, act, condition	agree– agreement pay – payment	employ – employment argue – argument	punish – punishment govern – government
-AGE action, state, process	break – breakage post – postage	pack – package pass – passage	bag– baggage marry – marriage
-ING action, state, process	bless – blessing land – landing	write – writing feed – feeding	end –ending seat – seating
-ERY a business or trade, a behavior, a condition	cream – creamery slave (N) – slavery	bake –bakery brave (Adj) – bravery	brew – brewery machine (N) – machinery

Nominalization – the forming of words from other categories , verbs and nouns, by suffixation. (Huddleston 1706)

Pop-Q "The fix"

Noun Forms

Nouns derived from adjectives

Adjective → Noun word form

VERB WORD FORM
Nouns may be formed from adjectives. The forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are patterns.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE COMPLEMENT
The passengers	were happy.
The aircraft	was safe.
The flight attendants	were polite.
Their information	is private.

NOUN WORD FORM
Adding a suffix to an adjective form is another way of forming a noun. A suffix is the part added to the end of a word.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE COMPLEMENT
Their happiness	was obvious. easy to see
Safety	was important.
Politeness	is not always easy.
Privacy	is expected.

Adjective to Noun Suffixes

SUFFIX	ADJECTIVE – NOUN	ADJECTIVE – NOUN	ADJECTIVE – NOUN
-NESS state, quality, condition	happy – happiness useful – usefulness	kind – kindness truthful – truthfulness	quiet – quietness sleepy – sleepiness
-ITY state or condition	active – activity stupid – stupidity	curious – curiosity mobile – mobility	real – reality tranquil – tranquility
-ISM state, practice	ideal – idealism colonial – colonialism	human – humanism imperial – imperialism	conservative – conservatism favorite – favoritism
-TH condition	wide – width dead – death	long – length foul – filth	born (V) – birth grow (V) – growth
-Y condition	private – privacy difficult – difficulty	honest – honesty jealous – jealousy	modest – modesty
-ERY location, collective, behavior condition	brave – bravery
-TY condition	safe – safety cruel – cruelty	certain – certainty subtle – subtlety	loyal – loyalty admiral (N) – admiralty

Personal Noun Forms

Personal nouns derived from other nouns

Verb → Personal Noun

VERB WORD FORM
Personal nouns may be formed from other word forms—specific verbs, adjectives and nouns.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
The company	employs workers. (V)
The man	took refuge in the US. (N)
Nature Beauty	is real. (Adj) is ideal.

NOUN WORD FORM
Specific verbs adjectives and nouns permit the addition of suffixes such as -ee, -ant or -ent, -ist, -ster, -arian, and -eer.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
Employees (V→N)	work for the company.
The refugee (N→N)	asked for protection.
The realist (Adj→N) The idealist (Adj→N)	sees things as they are. sees things as they should be.

refuge (N) — shelter, protection from danger

Verb to Personal Noun List

SUFFIX	VERB – PERSONAL NOUN	VERB – PERSONAL NOUN	VERB– PERSONAL NOUN
-ANT / ENT person / instrument / agent	attend– attendant assist – assistant	inform – informant correspond – correspondent	preside – president reside – resident
-EE person / instrument / recipient of action	appoint – appointee attend – attendee	pay – payee trust – trustee	divorce¹ – divorcée (V/N) license – licensee (V/N)
-IST person who practices	tour – tourist	machine (V) – machinist	type – typist
-AR person who does	beg – beggar burgle – burglar	lie – liar	registrate – registrar
-ER person who does	advertise – advertiser believe – believer build – builder	buy – buyer call – caller interpret – interpreter	keep – keeper listen – listener pitch – pitcher
-OR person who does	act – actor collect – collector dictate – dictator	direct – director instruct – instructor legislate – legislator	navigate – navigator sail – sailor spectate – spectator

¹divorce — end a marriage: (N) The divorce was final. (V) They will divorce.

Adjective to Personal Noun

SUFFIX	ADJ – PERSONAL NOUN	ADJ – PERSONAL NOUN	ADJ– PERSONAL NOUN
-IST person who practices	active – activist colonial – colonialist extreme – extremist	human – humanist ideal – idealist imperial – imperialist	left – leftist natural – naturalist nude – nudist
-STER person connected to	young¹ – youngster old¹ – oldster	hip — hipster

¹ young / old — could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not.

Noun to Personal Noun

SUFFIX	NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN	NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN	NOUN– PERSONAL NOUN
-ARIAN holders of a particular doctrine	vegetable – vegetarian discipline – disciplinarian	human – humanitarian sect – sectarian	parliament – parliamentarian
-EE person / instrument	address (N/V) – addressee	refuge (N) – refugee
-ER person concern with	farm (N/V) – farmer hat – hatter	law – lawyer jewel – jeweler	prison – prisoner village – villager
-EER person concerned with	engine –engineer profit – profiteer	musket – musketeer racket – racketeer	auction – auctioneer mountain – mountaineer
-IST person who practices	bicycle – bicyclist (N→N) cartoon – cartoonist (N→N)	column – columnist physics – physicist	terror – terrorist violin – violinist
-STER person connected to	game – gamester gang – gangster mob – mobster	prank – prankster song – songster trick – trickster	old¹ – oldster spin² – spinster

¹ young / old – could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not.

² spinster – used for a woman who has never married "a spinner of thread" spinning

London – Londoner See Demonyms.

(Huddleston 19 5.7 Nominalizations) (Swan 384-6)

Feminine Noun Forms

Suffixes that denote females

Masculine/Neutral to Feminine

SUFFIX	MASCULINE – FEMININE	MASCULINE – FEMININE	NEUTER/MASC. – FEMININE
-ETTE feminine / diminutive (French)	brunet¹ (Adj) [Fr. masc.] – brunette (fem.)	bachelor² (N) – bachelorette major (N) – majorette	suffrage³ (N) – suffragette coque (N) [Fr. "rooster"] – coquette
-TRIX / -TRICE feminine (Latin)	aviator (N) – aviatrix dominator (N) – dominatrix administrator (N) – administratrix	executor (N) – executrix director (N) – directrice (fem.)	beatus (N) [Latin "who makes happy"] – Beatrice
-TRESS /-ESS feminine (French from -ISSA Greek)	actor (N) – actress (wait staff) master/mister(N) – mistress ( Ms.)	seducer (N) – seductress lion (N) – lioness	meli [Gr. "honey"] – Melisssa ("honey bee")
-IENNE feminine (French)	comedian (N) – comedienne	equestrian (N) – equestrienne	Adrian (name masc.)– Adrienne
-ÉE feminine (French)	fiancé (Partcpl) – fiancée	divorcé (Partcpl) – divorcée

¹ brun (French) – brown; masculine hair color brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng)

² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree

³ suffrage – the right to vote

-ISSA (Greek) – Melissa ("honey bee"); Clarissa (fem./diminutive of Clara)

Find word origins (etymology) on Dictionary.com.

Diminutive Noun Forms

Suffixes for smallness or affection

Standard to Diminutive

SUFFIX	STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE	STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE	STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE
-ETTE diminutive (French)	case (N) [Fr. casse] – cassette towel (N) – towelette novel (N) – novelette (novela)	vinegar (N) – vinaigrette kitchen (N) – kitchenette rouelle (FR. "wheel") – roulette rose (N) – rosette	cigar (N) – cigarette toilet (N) – toilette³ (N) (ethics) (N) [Fr.] – etiquette vine (N) [Fr.] "vigne" – vignette
-SIE / SY	foot– footsie one – onesie (one-piece baby wear)	tiny (Adj) – teensie weensie hot (Adj) – hotsy-totsy	Patricia / Pat – Patty / Patsie ? – Tootsie
-IE / Y	cook (N/V) – cookie hood (N) – hoodie lad (N) – laddie	pup (N) – puppy duck (N) – ducky mom (N) – mommy	Bob – Bobby Thomas – Tommy Susan – Susie
-LET	book (N) – booklet tart (N) – tartlet	quatre (FR.) (N) – quartet (jaqui) ?– jacket	out (Adv) – outlet
-LING	duck (N) – duckling dear (Adj) – darling	under (Adv) – underling (subordinate)	found (V) – foundling (abandoned baby) change (V) – changeling (folklore– baby left by fairy)
-KIN [Dutch / German / -quin French]	(pepon) – pumpkin lamb – lambkin	? – munchkin ? – bumpkin (simpleton, fool)	(nape) – napkin ? – ramekin (small baking dish)

¹ brun (French) — brown masculine brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng)

² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree

³ toilette – may refer to a toilet (commode) or to the process of bathing and grooming

peponi – melon (Greek)

nape – table cloth in (Middle English)

munchkin – dwarf in Wizard of Oz

-cule — molecule, animacule, capsule

-ello / -ella — bordello, limoncello, salmonella, Ella (name)

silhouette – à la silhouette, after Etienne de Silhouette

Find word origins (etymology) Dictionary.com.

Collective Noun Forms

Collective nouns derived from other nouns

Noun → Collective Noun

NOUN WORD FORM
A collective noun may be formed from other nouns. The nouns below refer to individuals.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
A star	lives a public life.
Our partner	is Sky Airways.
A child	enjoys playtime.

COLLECTIVE NOUN WORD FORM
Some nouns permit a suffix such as -ship, -dom or -hood. These suffixes express a state, condition, or office of all the individuals within the group.
SUBJECT	PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT
Stardom	can attract too much attention.
Our partnership	helps all of us.
Childhood	lasts a short time.

Noun to Collective Noun List

SUFFIX	NOUN – COLL. NOUN	NOUN – COLL. NOUN	OTHER – COLL. NOUN
-DOM state, condition, dignity, office	star – stardom fan – fandom	bore – boredom king – kingdom	free – freedom (Adj→N) wise – wisdom (Adj→N)
-SHIP state, condition, skill, office, associated with	censor – censorship partner – partnership	scholar – scholarship dealer – dealership	workman – workmanship apprentice – apprenticeship
-HOOD state, collective	brother – brotherhood widow – widowhood	neighbor – neighborhood child – childhood	live – livelihood (V→N) false – falsehood (Adj→N)
-ERY location, collective, behavior condition	slave – slavery (collective state)	machine – machinery

Noun Forms

Noun forms with same verb form ("zero suffix")

Same Form—Verb → Noun

VERB
A suffix normally marks a word as an adjective, verb, or noun. A suffix is placed at the end of the word. The words below are verbs.
The pilots will attempt to take off together.
The pilots will control their aircrafts.
The aircraft will rise into the air.
The aircraft will circle in the air. (loop)

NOUN
In some cases, the same form of the word is used for the verb or the noun. The words below are nouns which are resulting states of the action of the verb.
The attempt was successful. subj NP
The pilot's control was effective. subj NP
The rise will be sharp. subj NP
The path of the aircraft will form a circle. obj NP

SUBJ NP – subject noun phrase

No suffix — also known as 'conversion' , 'zero-affixation' or 'zero-derivation'.

Same Form—Verb to Noun (primarily a verb)

arrest (V) – arrest (N)	attempt (V) – attempt (N)	bore (V) – bore (N)	cheat (V) – cheat (N)
coach (V) – coach (N)	cough (V) – cough (N)	desire (V) – desire (N)	flirt (V) – flirt (N)
go (V) – go (N)	grin (V) – grin (N)	laugh (V) – laugh (N)	read (V) – read (N)
smile (V) – smile (N)	sneak (V) – sneak (N)	spy (V) – spy (N)	whisper (V) – whisper (N)
whistle (V) – whistle (N)	win (V) – win (N)

Same Form—Noun to Verb (primarily a noun)

boss (V) – boss (N)	butcher (V) – butcher (N)	butter (V) – butter (N)	cash (V) – cash (N)
eye (V) – go (N)	finger (V) – finger (N)	fish (V) – fish (N)	gesture (V) – gesture (N)
knife (V) – knife (N)	knot (V) – knot (N)	motion (V) – motion (N)	nap (V) – nap (N)
panic (V) – panic (N)	parody (V) – parody (N)	parrot (V) – parrot (N)	queue (V) – queue (N) [Br-En]
ski (V) – ski (N)	skin (V) – skin (N)	water (V) – water (N)	zero (V) – zero (N)

(Huddleston 19 §3.1)

Stress shift → Verb to Noun

acCENT (V) – ACcent (N)	conDUCT (V) – CONduct (N)	conFLICT (V) – CONflict (N)	conTEST (V) – CONtest (N)
conVERT (V) – CONvert (N)	conVICT (V) – CONvict (N)	deCREASE (V) – DEcrease (N)	deSERT (V) – DESert¹ (N)
diGEST (V) – DIgest (N)	esCORT (V) – EScort (N)	exPORT (V) – EXport (N)	fragMENT (V) – FRAGment (N)
inSERT (V) – INsert (N)	inSULT (V) – INsult (N)	perMIT (V) – PERmit (N)	preSENT (V) – PREsent (N)
reCORD (V) – REcord (N)	reJECT (V) – REject (N)	transFER (V) – TRANSfer (N)	susPECT (V) – SUSpect (N)

¹ de-sert' [Latin (V) deserere "abandon, forsake"] → des' ert [Latin (N) desertum "a land that is abandoned"] → des-sert' [French (N) desservir "to clear the table"]. ("dessert" Word Origin Dictionary.com)

(Huddleston 19 §2.6)

Noun Forms Ending in -ing

Nouns confused with gerund forms

Ending with ing—noun vs. gerund

NOUN WORD FORM
A noun form may end in -ing. To test if it is a noun, put an article before it and/or a prepositional phrase after it.
NOUN PHRASE
The landing of the airplane was not difficult.
The passengers enjoyed the landing of the aircraft.
The taking off of the airplane was not difficult. (departure)

GERUND WORD FORM
A gerund expresses the meaning of an activity. An article is not used before a gerund.
GERUND CLAUSE
Landing the airplane was not difficult. (activity) *The landing the airplane was not difficult.
The pilot enjoyed landing the airplane. The pilot enjoyed *the landing the airplane.
Taking off was not difficult. (activity)

Also see Participle Modifiers 2 and Gerunds.

Nouns ending with -ing

advertise (V) – advertising (N)	airbrush (V) – airbrushing (N)	beat (V) – beating (N)	bless (V) – blessing (N)
board (V) – boarding (N)	bookmark (V) – bookmarking (N)	come (V) – coming (N)	dance (V) – dancing (N)
edge (V) – edging (N)	end (V) – ending (N)	feed (V) – feeding (N)	forget (V) – forgetting (N)
forward (V) – forwarding (N)	fund (V) – funding (N)	handwrite (V) – handwriting (N)	highlight (V) – highlighting (N)
make (V) – making (N)	market (V) – marketing (N)	open (V) – opening (N)	paint (V) – painting (N)
plant (V) – planting (N)	read (V) – reading (N)	seat (V) – seating (N)	understand (V) – understanding (N)

"deverbal nouns" (Huddleston 19 5.7.2g)

If you are unsure whether a word ending in -ing is a noun, add a determiner and/or a modifer. For example, compare "landing" and "flying". Add a determiner: The landing was smooth. *The flying was smooth. Or add a modifier: The landing in Atlanta was smooth. *The flying in the airplane was smooth. [Use the flight instead.] However, we could say, "The flying of the national flag is a sign of patriotism."

*incorrect use

See Gerund-Participle for property analysis of nouns, verbs, gerund-participles.

Common Mistakes

Errors and Solutions

Focus and Solution

FOCUS
Using a verb form as a noun when a true noun form exists: ~ What's the ask on that house? ~ Let's see the reveal. ~Take a listen to this. ~ Do the reboot and call me later.
Using a noun form as a modifier when a true adjective exists: ~ The education research suggests that we need to improve in math.

SOLUTION
This trendy usage is probably occurring as shortened form in texting. What is the asking price. / What is the question regarding that house. Let's reveal the changes. / The revelation caused a protest. Listen to this. Take a look at this. Reboot it and call me later. After rebooting, call me.
The educational research suggests that we need to improve in math. The research in education suggests that we need to improve in math.

Note: In many cases a noun can modify another noun, however, if there is an adjective form for a word, use it.

* Incorrect use / ~ Questionable use

Pop-Q – "The fix"

Resources

"50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)." Daily Writing Tips. 2014. Web. 21 Jun 2015.
Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 21 Jun. 2015.
Huddleston, Rodney D., and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2002. Print.
Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. 4th ed. 2009: Oxford University Press. Print.
Wikipedia contributors. "List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 3 Jan. 2014.

Practice 1

Air Travel

Read Context

International travel requires passing through airports and that can be challenging. Making a -reserve- is mostly done online nowadays. The -seat- is first come, first served, so it is important to plan early. On the day of your trip, you should plan an early -arrive- to the airport. You should be there at least two hours before the -depart- of an international flight. -Process- checking in can be very long.

An agent will ask you to show your -identify-. A security agent will ask you a few -quest- about the contents of your baggage. Then they will permit your -enter- into the secure area of the airport. Another agent will announce the -board- of the aircraft. At that time, you will walk down a long -pass- to the door of the airplane.

content – what is inside of something (bag)

Select the noun form of the verb.

Select the response from the list that best completes the sentence.
Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 1-10" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go.

Making is mostly done online nowadays.

Feedback 1

is first come, first served, so it is important to plan early.

Feedback 2

On the day of your trip, you should plan to the airport.

Feedback 3

You should be there at least two hours before of an international flight.

Feedback 4

for checking-in can be very long.

Feedback 5

An agent will ask you to show your .

Feedback 6

A security agent will ask you about the contents of your baggage.

Feedback 7

Then they will permit into the secure area of the airport.

Feedback 8

Another agent will announce of the aircraft.

Feedback 9

10.

At that time, you will walk down to the door of the airplane.

Feedback 10

Practice 3

Focusing on the Action

Read Context

It is indispensable to supervise aircraft checks. ⇒

It is important to maintain an airplane.

It is necessary to inspect the engines.

It is desirable to employ good technicians.

It is essential to transport passengers safely.

It is dangerous for any part of the airplane to fail.

It is required to approve all work on the aircraft.

It is necessary to replace all worn parts.

It is logical to require safety updates.

The supervision of aircraft is indispensable.

The… is important.

The… is necessary.

The… is desirable.

The… is essential.

The… is dangerous.

The… is required.

The… is necessary.

The… is logical.

Change the focus from the speaker's opinion to the action.

Reword the sentence so that it begins with a noun clause not an it-clause.
Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 21-30" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go.

SHARED http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/noun-forms.html

Saturday, November 21, 2015

english

Useful Phrases for Proficiency Essays

Introducing the phenomenon to be discussed

Stating your opinion

Changing topic

Presenting arguments

Describing causes

Proposing steps and measures

Concluding

Tip

Monday, 14 March 2011

Useful Phrases for Writing Argumentative Essays

Noun forms

Nouns derived from adjectives

Personal nouns derived from other nouns

Suffixes that denote females

Suffixes for smallness or affection

Collective nouns derived from other nouns

Noun forms with same verb form ("zero suffix")

Noun Forms Ending in -ing

Nouns confused with gerund forms

Errors and Solutions

Focus and Solution

Air Travel

Read Context

Select the noun form of the verb.

Transportation in my City

Read for Errors

Change the verbs to noun forms.

Focusing on the Action

Read Context

Change the focus from the speaker's opinion to the action.

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