Describe Technik M2

Explain what the effects of heat and cold have on the body
List 4 examples of indications 

Indications for m
The definition of an indication for massage is literally, a reason to provide someone with a massage, or as a condition that massage may be able to influence positively. For example, a reason to recommend massage would be if they had pain or tension in a part of their body.

The list of indications for massage is extensive, as you would imagine, but here are some common ones to help you to understand the principle: back pain, neck or shoulder pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, whiplash, nerve injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome, sciatica, poor circulation, tendinitis, arthritis, fibromyalgia, constipation, headaches and migraines, sinus disorders and skin problems.http://www.sagemassage.edu.au/blog/indications-and-contraindications-for-massage-what-you-need-to-know/

List 3 situations/examples where m would be contra-indicated

Contraindications for m
The definition of a contraindication for massage is a reason not to provide someone with a massage. A contraindication is something that massage may interact with negatively, for example a fever or severe pain.

There is a long list of contraindications for massage. Put simply, if a patient presents with an absolute contraindication, under no circumstances should a massage be performed. For example, contagious diseases, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, severe pain, kidney disease, or a history of thrombosis are all considered absolute contraindications for massage.

It’s not all black and white though. There are varying degrees of indications and contraindications. Contraindications may be further defined as relative or absolute, general or regional. What’s more, they can be a combination of these. Let’s look at the main categories:http://www.sagemassage.edu.au/blog/indications-and-contraindications-for-massage-what-you-need-to-know/

Absolute contraindications
When something is considered an absolute contraindication, it means that the client should not be given a massage in that particular area no matter what the circumstances. For example, if someone had DVT (deep vein thrombosis) under no circumstances should the lower calf muscles be massaged.

Relative contraindication
When there is a level of caution or danger associated with a massage treatment, it is called a relative contraindication. With a relative contraindication, the massage may be performed, but simply modified to ensure the safety of the indicated area. This is typical where there has been a recent injury, or where there has been surgery. In these cases, a particular massage therapy treatment may be beneficial so long as it is performed by a knowledgeable and experienced massage therapist who knows how to avoid damaging the delicate tissues.

General contraindications
When a contraindication affects the entire body, it is known as a general contraindication.

Local contraindication
If the contraindication affects only a localised area of the body is known as a local contraindication.

Combined contraindications
This term sounds a little trickier than it is, but put simply, a condition may be any combination of local or general, and relative or absolute. For example, DVT is both local and absolute and an acute injury to the biceps insertion would be both relative and local.http://www.sagemassage.edu.au/blog/indications-and-contraindications-for-massage-what-you-need-to-know/

What is an endangerment site? List 3 examples of endangerment sites

 Massage may be contraindicated in these areas due to possible injury. Some areas may be contraindicated for Swedish or deep tissue work, whereas energy techniques may be beneficial.

 Following are areas of concern and the area(s) involved:

Anterior Triangle of the Neck – The region bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, mandible and trachea.

   Contains: carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, submandibular gland and cervical lymph nodes.

Posterior Triangle of the Neck – The region bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle and clavicle.

   Contains: nerve roots that form the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, brachiocephalic and jugular veins and cervical lymph   nodes.

Inferior to the Ear – The notch posterior and inferior to the ear.

   Contains: external carotid artery, styloid process of the temporal bone and facial nerve.

Axilla – Armpit.

  Contains : axillary, median, radial, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerve; axillary artery; basilica vein; and axillary lymph nodes.

Medial Brachium – Upper, inner  between the biceps and triceps (medial head) muscles.

  Contains: ulnar, median and musculocutaneous nerves; brachial artery; basilica vein; and lymph nodes.

Cubital Area of the Elbow – Anterior aspect of the elbow.

   Contains: median nerve, radial and ulnar arteries and median cubital vein.

Ulnar Notch of the Elbow – Posterior elbow (funny bone).

   Contains: ulnar nerve.

Abdomen – Upper abdomen, under the ribs.

  Contains: liver and gallbladder on the right side, spleen on the left side and the aorta in the center (deep).

Back (Under Lumbar Region) – Region inferior to the ribs and lateral to the spine.

NOTE: Do not perform percussion over the kidneys.

   Contains: Kidneys.

Sciatic Notch – The indentation in the pelvic bones located deep to the gluteus maximus muscle.

   Contains: sciatic nerve.

Femoral Triangle – The region bordered by the sartorius muscle, adductor longus muscle and inguinal ligament.

   Contains: femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein, great saphenous vein and inguinal lymph nodes.

Popliteal Fossa – The space posterior to the knee and bordered by the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and distal hamstring muscles.

   Contains: popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve.http://suppliesformassage.com/sites-avoid-endangerment-sites/

Why is it important to know if you client is taking medication before m
one common medication that may require treatment alterations is anticoagulant medications [blood thinners] like Warfarin because they may make your clients more prone to bruising and internal bleeding.”
always careful when giving deep tissue massage to someone on narcotic pain relievers.” This is because their pain perception may be altered and there is risk for overtreatment. But there are many medications that can cause side effects that massage therapists need to be aware of.
people take pain relieving medications, they may experience altered pain perception, low blood pressure, dizziness, and bleeding or bruising.

Under what conditions would you pass on a client's personal/health details to a third party without written prior consent

Besides verbal questioning, list 4 other examinations that can be performed to assist in diagnosing a client's problem

List 3 positive effects of m on the body

Effects on the Cardiovascular System

Massage can:

• improve circulation by mechanically assisting the venous flow of blood back to the heart
• dilate blood vessels helping them to work more efficiently
• produce an enhanced blood flow; delivery of fresh oxygen and nutrients to the tissues is improved and the removal of waste products, toxins and carbon dioxide is hastened via the venous system
• help temporarily to decrease blood pressure, due to dilation of capillaries
• decrease the heart rate due to relaxation
• reduce ischaemia (ischaemia is a reduction in the flow of blood to body parts, often marked by pain and tissue dysfunction).

Effects on the Lymphatic System

Massage helps to:

• reduce oedema (excess fluid in the tissue) by increasing lymphatic drainage and the removal of waste from the system
• regular massage may help to strengthen the immune system, due to increase in white blood cells.

Effects on the Nervous System

• Massage stimulates sensory receptors: this can either stimulate or soothe nerves depending on the techniques used.
• It also stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, helping promote relaxation and the reduction of stress.
• Massage helps to reduce pain by the release of endorphins (endorphins are also known to elevate the mood).

Effects on the Skin

Massage can bring about:

• improved circulation to the skin, increased nutrition to the cells and encouraging cell regeneration
• increased production of sweat from the sweat glands, helping to excrete urea and waste products through the skin
• vaso-dilation of the surface capillaries helping to improve the skin’s colour
• improved elasticity of the skin
• increased sebum production, helping to improve the skin’s suppleness and resistance to infection.

Effects on the Respiratory System

• Massage deepens respiration and improves lung capacity by relaxing any tightness in the respiratory muscles.
• It also slows down the rate of respiration due to the reduced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Effects on the Digestive System

Massage can:

• increase peristalsis in the large intestine, helping to relieve constipation, colic and gas
• promote the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which stimulates digestion.

Effects on the Urinary System

• Massage increases urinary output due to the increased circulation and lymph drainage from the tissues.

The Physiological Effects of Massage

Massage can help to:

• reduce stress and anxiety by relaxing both mind and body
• create a feeling of well-being and enhanced self-esteem
• promote positive body awareness and an improved body image through relaxation
• ease emotional trauma through relaxation

http://massagetherapy.co.uk/therapies-information/treatment-descriptions/benefits-effects-of-massage/


M may pose an inherent risk to clients who do not disclose important medical information. What strategies should you follow to ensure disclosure?

What are 3 factors which may interfere with the effectiveness of m treatment?

What are 3 reactions during a treatment that would immediately end a treatment session?