Confirm Physical Health Status
Identify the five (5) organisational levels of the human body?
1. chemical level; 2. cellular level; 3. tissue level; 4. organ level; 5. system; and 6. organismal
What are the main functions of antibodies?An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells and used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. ... The base of the Y plays a role in modulating immune cell activity.
https://www.boundless.com/.../structure-and-function-of-antibodies-985-10108/
What is eczema commonly known as?
Atopic dermatitis (commonly known as eczema) is an inherited, chronic inflammatory skin condition that usually appears in early childhood. Patches of skin become red, scaly and itchy. Sometimes, tiny blisters containing clear fluid can form and the affected areas of skin can weep.
ttps://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/.../eczema-atopic-dermatitis
Briefly outline the main cause of eczema?
Environmental factors are also known to bring out the symptoms of eczema. These include:
- Irritants - soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, juices from fresh fruits, meats, or vegetables
- Allergens - dust mites, pets, pollens, mold, dandruff
- Microbes - bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, certain fungi
- Hot and cold temperatures - hot weather, high and low humidity, perspiration from exercise
- Foods - dairy products, eggs, nuts and seeds, soy products, wheat
- Stress - it is not a cause of eczema but can make symptoms worse
- Hormones - women can experience worsening of eczema symptoms at times when their hormone levels are changing, for example during pregnancy and at certain points in their menstrual cycle
- http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14417.php#causes_eczema
- or Eczema is a condition where patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, red, cracked, and rough. Blisters can also occur. It affects a large section of the American population to a lesser or greater degree.
Aging results in a gradual loss of muscle function, and there are predictable age-related alterations in skeletal muscle function. ... At the cellular level, musclesloose both cross-sectional area and fiber numbers, with type II muscle fibers being the most affected by aging. Some denervation of fibers may occur
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9689386
What is function of B-Cells?
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell
What is the definition of Ventilation?
The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli(the tiny air sacs in the lungs)
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10705
What are the five (5) classic signs of inflammation?
The traditional names for signs of inflammation come from Latin:
- Dolor (pain)
- Calor (heat)
- Rubor (redness)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Functio laesa (loss of function)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation
- Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste
- Respiratory infections, such as the common cold
- Physical activity (exercise-induced asthma)
- Cold air
- Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke
- Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen (Aleve)
- Strong emotions and stress
- Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/basics/causes/con-20026992
What are four processes of the digestive system?There are four (4) stages of food processing: · Ingestion (eating): taking in nutrients (important part in food) · Digestion: using physical and chemical means to break down complex organic molecules into smaller usable parts · Absorption: pulling in digested molecules into the cells of the digestive tract, then into the blood · Egestion: the removal of waste food materials (e.g. cellulose = fibre) from the body These four steps are done by the digestive system. The steps occur in the GASTROINTESTINAL tract (a long TUBE open at both ends). Accessory glands such as the liver and p pancreas help during the process. The GI tract is also called the Alimentary tract.
http://scc.scdsb.edu.on.ca/Students/onlinecourses/Sikora/sbi3c/THEDIGESTIVESYSTEM.pdf
List five (5) symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms can come on quickly and may include:
- Increased thirst.
- Frequent urination.
- Bedwetting in children who previously didn't wet the bed during the night.
- Extreme hunger.
- Unintended weight loss.
- Irritability and other mood changes.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Blurred vision.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/.../symptoms/con-20019573
Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain stability in spite of changes. The human body is full of examples of homeostasis.
examples.yourdictionary.com/homeostasis-examples.html
How does the body maintain homeostasis?
The nervous and endocrine systems exert the ultimate control over homeostasisbecause they coordinate the functions of the body's systems. Regulation of bodytemperature, blood pressure, pH, and glucose concentration are four examples of how the body maintains homeostasis.
www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderbiology/supp/homeo.html
What is a disease?
The World Health Organization's claim that health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946) has been praised for embracing a holistic viewpoint, and equally strongly condemned for being wildly utopian: the historian Robert Hughes remarked that it was “more realistic for a bovine than a human state of existence” (Hudson, 1993).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1299105/
What are ways that the body can be in a disease state?
Ways infectious diseases spread
Germs can spread through:
- the air as small droplets (droplet spread) or tiny aerosol particles (airborne spread)
- contact with faeces (poo) and then with the mouth (faeco-oral spread)
- contact with the skin or mucus membranes (the thin moist lining of many parts of the body such as the nose, mouth, throat and genitals) (contact spread)
- blood or other body fluids (for example, urine, saliva, breastmilk, semen and vaginal secretions).
Germs can spread:
- directly from person to person or
- indirectly from an infected person to the environment (for example toys, door handles, bench tops, bedding and toilets) and then to another person who comes in contact with the contaminated environmental source.
Germs can enter the body through the:
- mouth
- respiratory tract
- eyes
- genitals
- broken skin.
Some infections can be spread in several different ways.
There are other ways of describing how germs are spread that are commonly used. Germs can be spread through sexual contact, which is usually through semen and vaginal secretions (body fluids), but can also occur through contact with mucus membranes. Germs can spread through food or water. Many but not all the germs spread in this way are through contact with faeces and then with the mouth (faeco-oral). Germs can also spread from a mother to her unborn child, usually though blood (body fluids) but also through contact with skin or mucous membranes during delivery.
http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/ways+infectious+diseases+spread
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